Modal Sosial dan Persepsi Ancaman Sebagai Determinan Perilaku Pencegahan Infeksi Dengue: Studi Multilevel
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26699/jnk.v6i3.ART.p382-388Keywords:
Infeksi Dengue, Perilaku Pencegahan, Persepsi Ancaman, Modal Sosial, Analisis MultilevelAbstract
Infeksi dengue merupakan salah satu permasalahan utama dalam kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia. Berbagai upaya pencegahan dan pengendalian penyakit ini telah dilakukan dalam kurun waktu yang lama, tetapi jumlah kasus dan angka kematiannya cenderung mengalami peningkatan. Selain faktor individu, faktor sosial pun dinilai memiliki peranan penting dalam upaya pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi dengue. Penelitian cross sectional yang dilakukan di 8 kecamatan di Kabupaten Sukoharjo pada tahun 2018 ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh faktor individu berupa persepsi ancaman pengaruh kontekstual modal sosial terhadap perilaku pencegahan infeksi dengue. Sejumlah 200 subjek penelitian dipilih dengan teknik multistage random sampling. Keseluruhan data variabel bebas (persepsi ancaman dan modal sosial) serta data variabel terikat (perilaku pencegahan infeksi dengue) dikumpulkan dengan kuesioner, dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis multilevel. Temuan dalam penelitian ini adalah perilaku pencegahan infeksi dengue secara signifikan dipengaruhi oleh persepsi ancaman (b= 1.56; CI (95%) = 0.77 - 2.34; p= <0.001) dan modal sosial pada tingkat kecamatan memiliki pengaruh kontekstual terhadap perilaku pencegahan infeksi dengue (ICC 10.91%). Berdasarkan temuan tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa persepsi ancaman sebagai salah satu faktor individu dan modal sosial sebagai faktor sosial berpengaruh terhadap perilaku pencegahan infeksi dengue.
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Dengue is one of major problems in Indonesian public health. Various efforts to prevent and control this disease have been carried out in a long time, but the number of cases and the case fatality rate tends to increase. In addition to individual factors, social factors are also considered to have an important role in efforts to prevent and control dengue. This cross sectional study conducted in 8 sub-districts in Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java in 2018 aims to analyze the effect of perceived threat as individual factor and the contextual effect of social capital on the dengue preventive behavior. A total of 200 subjects were selected by multistage random sampling. Data for both independent (Perceived threat and social capital) and dependent variable (dengue preventive behavior) were collected by questionnaire, and analyzed with multilevel analysis. This study found that dengue preventive behavior was significantly affected by perceived threat (b = 1.56; CI (95%) = 0.77 - 2.34; p = <0.001) and the sub-district level social capital had a contextual effect on dengue preventive behavior (ICC 10.91%). Based on these findings, we concluded that perceived threat as an individual factor and social capital as a social factor affected dengue preventive behavior.
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