Hubungan Kadar Ureum, Hemoglobin dan Lama Hemodialisa dengan Kualitas Hidup Penderita PGK

Abstract

Penderita penyakit ginjal kronik mengalami penumpukan produk sisa dalam darah khususnya ureum yang menjadi toksin bagi tubuh. Anemia pada pasien PGK menyebabkan badan lemah dan penurunan perfusi jaringan. Terapi hemodialisa bisa menjadi stresor bagi pasien, karena terapi ini memerlukan waktu yang lama, keadaan ini berpotensi menurunkan kualitas hidup pasien. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui hubungan kadar ureum, hemoglobin dan lama hemodialisa dengan kualitas hidup penderita PGK di Ruang Hemodialisa RS dr Soepraoen. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan kolerasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Responden adalah penderita PGK dengan terapi hemodialisis di ruang hemodialisa RS dr Soepraoen Malang. Sampel sejumlah 92 responden yang memenuhi kriteria eksklusi dan inklusi. Variabel yang diteliti adalah ureum, hemoglobin, lama hemodialisa dan kualitas hidup. Analisa data menggunakan uji korelasi somers’d gamma. Berdasarkan hasil uji korelasi somers’d gamma menunjukkan ada hubungan antara ureum dengan kualitas hidup responden dibuktikan dengan nilai p= 0,025 , r = 0,4. Ada hubungan antara kadar hemoglobin dengan kualitas hidup responden dibuktikan nilai p= 0,012 , r = 0,4. Tidak ada hubungan antara lama hemodialisa dengan kualitas hidup responden dibuktikan nilai p= 0,609, r = 0,6. Hasil penelitian ini meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis perawat yaitu perubahan ureum dan hemoglobin berdampak pada kualitas hidup pasien PGK.

 

Patients with chronic kidney disease experience a buildup of waste products in the blood, especially urea which is toxic to the body. Anemia in CKD patients causes weak body and decreased tissue perfusion. Hemodialysis therapy can be a stressor for patients, because this therapy requires a long time, this situation has the potential to reduce the quality of life of patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of urea levels, hemoglobin and duration of hemodialysis with the quality of life of patients with CKD in the Hemodialysis Room of dr. Soepraoen Hospital. The design of this study uses a cross-sectional study. Respondents were CKD sufferers with hemodialysis therapy in the hemodialysis room at dr. Soepraoen Hospital, Malang. Sample were 92 respondents who met the exclusion and inclusion criteria. The variables were urea, hemoglobin, length of hemodialysis and quality of life. Data analysis uses the gamma correlation test. Based on the gamma correlation test results showed that there was a relationship between the ureum and the quality of life of the respondents as evidenced by the value of p = 0.025, r = 0.4. There was a relationship between hemoglobin levels with the quality of life of the respondents as evidenced by the value of p = 0.012, r = 0.4. There was no relationship between the length of hemodialysis with the quality of life of respondents as evidenced by the value of p = 0.609, r = 0.6. The results of this study improve the critical thinking skills of nurses, namely changes in urea and hemoglobin affect the quality of life of CKD patients.